Patient Safety Quiz Exploring Nursing Students’ Knowledge of Patient Safety Step 1 of 12 8% If you agree to take part in this study, please agree to the terms, enter the access code and then click the AGREE AND CONTINUE button to proceed to the quiz. We will assume that you have read the Participant Information Statement, that you consent to participate in the quiz, and that you agree to the researchers: Combining your anonymous responses to the quiz with responses of other participants for data analysis. Analysing and publishing the results of the combined quiz data in a way that does not identify you or any other participants. Using the combined study data in future research. Having read the information about the study above I agree to take part in this online quiz. (You must agree to continue with the quiz)Study codeIf you are a student from a participating University, please use the study code given to you by your educator (all lowercase). All other students and staff please leave blank and click 'Agree and continue' to access the quiz. Quiz instructions There are 10 demographic questions and 45 multiple choice questions. This quiz will take approximately 15-20 minutes and it will close after one hour. The quiz will not allow back-tracking or second attempts. When you have completed the quiz you will be provided with a certificate of achievement which includes your results. Age*Your age in yearsPlease enter a number from 0 to 110.Gender*MaleFemalePrefer Not to AnswerYour university of study*UTSCQUUniversity of the Sunshine CoastACUFederation University AustraliaLaTrobeDeakinUniversity of QueenslandFlindersUniversity of South AustraliaNotre Dame SydneyJames Cook UniversityMonashUniversity of OtagoQueensland University of TechnologyMurdoch UniversityOtago PolytechnicNorth TecSouthern Institute TechnologyOther UniversityPlease specify which university you are enrolled in*Program of study (e.g. BNursing)*Year of enrolment*201820172016201520142012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000Pre 2000Are you currently (or previously) employed in the healthcare industry?*YesNoPlease specify your role:*Country of birth*AfghanistanAlbaniaAlgeriaAmerican SamoaAndorraAngolaAntigua and BarbudaArgentinaArmeniaAustraliaAustriaAzerbaijanBahamasBahrainBangladeshBarbadosBelarusBelgiumBelizeBeninBermudaBhutanBoliviaBosnia and HerzegovinaBotswanaBrazilBruneiBulgariaBurkina FasoBurundiCambodiaCameroonCanadaCape VerdeCayman IslandsCentral African RepublicChadChileChinaColombiaComorosCongo, Democratic Republic of theCongo, Republic of theCosta RicaCôte d'IvoireCroatiaCubaCuraçaoCyprusCzech RepublicDenmarkDjiboutiDominicaDominican RepublicEast TimorEcuadorEgyptEl SalvadorEquatorial GuineaEritreaEstoniaEthiopiaFaroe IslandsFijiFinlandFranceFrench PolynesiaGabonGambiaGeorgiaGermanyGhanaGreeceGreenlandGrenadaGuamGuatemalaGuineaGuinea-BissauGuyanaHaitiHondurasHong KongHungaryIcelandIndiaIndonesiaIranIraqIrelandIsraelItalyJamaicaJapanJordanKazakhstanKenyaKiribatiNorth KoreaSouth KoreaKosovoKuwaitKyrgyzstanLaosLatviaLebanonLesothoLiberiaLibyaLiechtensteinLithuaniaLuxembourgMacedoniaMadagascarMalawiMalaysiaMaldivesMaliMaltaMarshall IslandsMauritaniaMauritiusMexicoMicronesiaMoldovaMonacoMongoliaMontenegroMoroccoMozambiqueMyanmarNamibiaNauruNepalNetherlandsNew ZealandNicaraguaNigerNigeriaNorthern Mariana IslandsNorwayOmanPakistanPalauPalestine, State ofPanamaPapua New GuineaParaguayPeruPhilippinesPolandPortugalPuerto RicoQatarRomaniaRussiaRwandaSaint Kitts and NevisSaint LuciaSaint Vincent and the GrenadinesSamoaSan MarinoSao Tome and PrincipeSaudi ArabiaSenegalSerbiaSeychellesSierra LeoneSingaporeSint MaartenSlovakiaSloveniaSolomon IslandsSomaliaSouth AfricaSpainSri LankaSudanSudan, SouthSurinameSwazilandSwedenSwitzerlandSyriaTaiwanTajikistanTanzaniaThailandTogoTongaTrinidad and TobagoTunisiaTurkeyTurkmenistanTuvaluUgandaUkraineUnited Arab EmiratesUnited KingdomUnited StatesUruguayUzbekistanVanuatuVatican CityVenezuelaVietnamVirgin Islands, BritishVirgin Islands, U.S.YemenZambiaZimbabwePlease specify how long you have lived in Australia:*Are you of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander descent?*YesNoPrimary language/s spoken at home:*CTRL or CMD click to choose multiple options EnglishFrenchSpanishGermanChinese (Mandarin)IndonesianAfrikannsAlbanianArabicArmenianBasqueBengaliBulgarianCatalanCambodianCroationCzechDanishDutchEstonianFijiFinnishGeorgianGreekGujaratiHebrewHindiHungarianIcelandicIrishItalianJapaneseJavaneseKoreanLatinLatvianLithuanianMacedonianMalayMalayalamMalteseMaoriMarathiMongolianNepaliNorwegianPersianPolishPortuguesePunjabiQuechuaRomanianRussianSamoanSerbianSinhaleseSlovakSlovenianSwahiliSwedishTamilTatarTeluguThaiTibetanTongaTurkishUkranianUrduUzbekVietnameseWelshXhosa Q1*Which of the following behaviours MOST reflect a person-centred approach by nurses?Upholding the preferences and needs of medical officersDesigning quality care processes that align with healthcare policiesRespecting patients' individual rights and valuesDeveloping meaningful friendships with patientsQ2*When practicing in a person-centred manner, nurses should:view patients as experts and partners in healthcare decision makinginvolve patients' families in all healthcare decisionsinsist that patients make autonomous healthcare decisionsmake decisions for and on behalf of patientsQ3*Which of the following statements is correct? Person-centred care increases:nursing burnouthealthcare costspatient satisfactionpatient length of stayQ4*Mrs Dobson is a 77 year old woman admitted to hospital for asthma. Why is educating Mrs Dobson about her medications an example of person-centred care?Patient education helps patients make informed decisions about medicationsPatient education ensures that patients follow medication ordersPatient education is a priority for confused older peoplePatient education is a requirement of the National Open Disclosure policyQ5*From the list below, identify TWO situations when nurses should advocate for patients? When the nurse believes that patient care is not safe When patients do not understand what they have been told about their prognosis When the nurse believes that the patient’s decision about their treatment plan is incorrect When patients refuse to listen to advice about their treatment plan Q6*What are the MOST common causes of adverse patient outcomes?Poor technical and procedural skillsPoor communication and teamworkStaff shortages and skill mixMedication calculation and administration errorsQ7*From the list below, identify THREE skills that are essential to therapeutic communication? Establishing rapport with the patient Establishing rapport with staff Gaining the patient’s trust Expressing sympathy for the patient Expressing empathy for the patient Ensuring all patients receive equal care Q8*Which of the following is an example of therapeutic communication by a nurse with a person who is anxious about having a minor surgical procedure?"I've had major surgery which was terrible. Fortunately you are only having a minor procedure.""Oh dear, it's worrying isn't it. I'm glad it's you and not me.""I'm glad you trusted me enough to tell me how you are feeling""Don't worry. It will be over before you know it."Q9*Which of the following non-verbal communication skills should be used when interviewing a patient?Maintaining indirect eye contactMaintaining an open posture with legs and arms crossedProviding space by leaning backwards away from the patientSitting squarely facing the patientQ10*One of the parents in the Emergency Department shouts at the triage nurse and demands to know why his daughter hasn’t been seen. What should the nurse say?"I can see that you are worried about your daughter – let me check on the wait time for you.""This is a Zero Tolerance workplace. I will call security if you shout at me.""I'm sorry, but we are very busy today. You will just have to wait like everyone else.""There are sicker children than your daughter so please calm down and wait your turn." Q11*Yasmina Shahid, 20 years old, came to Australia as an asylum seeker 18 months ago. She has been admitted to hospital with abdominal pain and is the only female in a four bed room. Yasmina explains that sharing a hospital room with males is against cultural beliefs and she asks whether she can change rooms. Which of the following statements is MOST correct?An equitable approach to health care means that Yasmina's request should not be given priority over the needs of other patients.Yasmina's cultural needs should be respected and supported.Migrants need to adapt to Australian cultural norms so Yasmina's request is unreasonable.Quality healthcare takes priority over a person's cultural beliefs.Q12*From the list below, identify THREE questions that the nurse should ask Yasmina when undertaking a cultural assessment? What did your doctor say is wrong with you? Do you have a particular religious faith? Why did you come to Australia? Have you ever been in an Australian hospital before? What does your illness mean to you? How are healthcare decisions made in your family? Q13*Which of the following comments suggests that a healthcare professional is culturally competent?"I believe that respecting people’s cultural beliefs does not mean I always have to agree with them.""I am trying to memorise the cultural practices of the migrant groups in my area so that I don’t have to ask people about their individual cultural needs and values.""I believe that migrants should adapt to the way we do things here and should not expect special treatment.""To me all patients are human beings and their culture, ethnicity or race do not matter. I provide equal care for everybody."Q14*Mr Daniel Lester is a 60-year-old Aboriginal man who was admitted with end-stage kidney disease. You are committed to providing culturally safe care to Mr Lester. Which of the following statements is FALSE?Cultural safety is a concept developed in New Zealand by nurses working with Māori peopleCultural safety means being tolerant of differences between different ethnic groupsCultural safety means respecting the cultural values of the patientCultural safety requires healthcare professionals to be self-aware and reflectiveQ15*Why might an Aboriginal Liaison Officer be asked to see Mr Lester?To ensure Mr Lester has a clear understanding of hospital rules about visiting hours.To organise a discharge plan for Mr LesterTo provide culturally safe nursing care to Mr LesterTo provide emotional and cultural support to Mr Lester and his family Q16*A nurse becomes concerned about a patient’s clinical deterioration and requests a clinical review using the acronym ISBAR to structure the telephone call. From the list below, identify FIVE correct components of ISBAR. Indication Situation Breathing Assessment Identification Signs and symptoms Recommendation Background Allergies Response Q17*Identify from the list below, THREE characteristics of effective healthcare teams. Hierarchical leadership Effective and timely communication Mutual respect and trust Shared commitment to a common goal Top down communication Shared decision making in critical situations Q18*During an emergency situation the following communication occurs. Doctor: Give 40 mg Furosemide IV push. Nurse: 40 mg Furosemide IV push? Doctor: That’s correct What is this communication technique called?Closed loop communicationTwo-challenge ruleCall outCheck-backQ19*PACE is an acronym for graded assertiveness. Which of the following represent the FOUR elements of PACE? Concerns – "I feel a little concerned about what you are doing …" Probe – e.g. "Can you tell me why you want to do that?" Explain – e.g. "Can you explain why you have made that decision?" Action – e.g. "Let's take a different approach?" Emergency action – e.g. "STOP what you are doing!" Plan – e.g. "I have a better plan for this situation …" Challenge – "Your approach will harm…" Alert – e.g. "I think that will cause…" Q20*Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an effective nursing manager of an Emergency Department?The ability to empower team members to question practice decisionsThe determination to assume full responsibility during resuscitation situationsThe ability to make autonomous decisions when requiredHigh level situational awareness in critical situations Q21*Joel Andrews, 36 years old, was admitted to hospital with pneumonia. Joel's current observations are: Temperature 39°C Pulse rate 128 beats/min Respiratory rate 26 per minute Blood pressure 100/60mmHg Oxygen saturation 90% on a Hudson mask at 6 L/min Which of the following statements is CORRECT in regards to Joel's observations?He is tachypnoeic, bradycardic and hypoxicHe is febrile, bradycardic and hypoxicHe is febrile, tachycardic, and tachypnoeicHe is hypertensive, hypoxic and dyspnoeicQ22*Mr Lee is a 75 year old man who is day 2 following a bowel resection. In handover you hear that Mr Lee has hypervolaemia. What signs and symptoms are typical of hypervolaemia?Poor skin turgor and dry mucous membranesTachycardia and hypertensionOliguria and elevated haematocrit levelsHypotension and tachycardiaQ23*Mr Lee's serum sodium is 128mmol/L and his serum potassium is 3.0mmol/L. Mr Lee is: Hypernatraemic and hypokalaemicHyponatraemic and hyperkalaemicHypernatraemic and hyperkalaemicHyponatraemic and hypokalaemicQ24*Aiden O'Brien is brought into the Emergency Department (ED) following a motor vehicle accident. Aiden's Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is 8. What does this indicate?Mild head injurySevere head injuryNo head injuryModerate head injuryQ25*You are asked to conduct a primary trauma survey. Which of the following statements BEST characterises a primary trauma survey?Performing a head to toe physical examination to determine the extent of the traumaObtaining an accurate history of the mechanism of a patient's injuryRapidly obtaining a set of vital signs on a patientRapidly assessing and stabilising any compromise to a patient's airway, breathing and circulation Q26*From the list below, identify the THREE MOST credible sources of evidence to inform nursing practice. Health department policy directives Empirical studies Patient preferences Newspaper articles Clinical expertise Health information websites Q27*The infection control Clinical Nurse Consultant on your ward explains that the rate of intravenous (IV) cannula site infections on your ward has increased significantly over the last 18 months. He asks for volunteers to work with him on a quality improvement project to review and update the relevant policy and procedure. What is an appropriate FIRST step in this process? conduct a survey to elicit staff views about IV managementinterview patients to collect qualitative data about their experiences of having an IVsearch for recent systematic reviews on the topic of IV cannula managementconduct a randomised control trial of IV dressing productsQ28*Your Nurse Unit Manager tells you that she has received the 2016-2017 patient satisfaction audit results and that your ward rated highly in every category except "Patient satisfaction with pain management". She asks you to design a study exploring orthopaedic patients' experiences of post-operative pain. Which of the following research methods is MOST appropriate for this study? interviews with patients to collect qualitative dataa randomised control trialan online survey to collect quantitative datainterviews with staff to collect qualitative dataQ29*Which of the following is considered to be the HIGHEST level of evidence?Randomised controlled trialsCase studiesQuasi-experimental studiesSystematic reviewsQ30*What does the term RELIABILITY mean when used to describe a research instrument?Whether the reporting of the results from the instrument is appropriateWhether the content of the instrument is appropriateWhether the instrument consistently measures what it is intended to measureWhether the instrument can be easily understood by participants Q31*Which of the following is a CORRECT definition of an adverse event?A situation in which there was significant potential for harm, but no incident occurredAn unintentional or unexpected event that could have resulted in injury or deathA deliberate deviation from standard operating procedures, standards or rulesUnintended injury or illness resulting from healthcareQ32*Open disclosure refers to the open discussion of an incident that resulted in an adverse event. Which TWO of the following are elements of the Australian Open Disclosure Framework? An expression of regret to the patient An explanation of potential legal actions A factual explanation of what happened Identification of who was responsible for the adverse event Q33*James Reason's "Swiss Cheese Model" is one model for conceptualising the human and systems factors that can lead to errors. Which of the following descriptors is an element of this model?Each hole in the cheese represents a defensive layer in the processWhen the holes in the cheese line up it is less likely that an error will be caughtEach hole in the cheese represents an opportunity for a process to failThe more holes in the cheese the more likely it is that an error will be caughtQ34*Which of the following factors is LEAST likely to have a negative impact on patient safety:The use of electronic medical recordsStaff stress levelsA culture of workplace bullyingEnvironmental noise and clutterQ35*Which of the following are elements of the ABCDEGH clinical assessment and documentation mnemonic?Exposure, Holistic assessment and DisorientationElectrocardiograph, Fluids and GlucoseAirway, Breathing and DisabilityAirway, Circulation and Drugs Q36*What is the MAIN principle of antimicrobial stewardship? To increase the prophylactic use of antimicrobial medicationsTo promote the timely prescription of antimicrobial medications to at risk patientsTo prevent adverse consequences of antimicrobial useTo reduce inappropriate antimicrobial useQ37*When providing discharge education to a patient recently diagnosed with hepatitis C, the nurse knows that their teaching has been effective when the patient states:"I will be much more careful where I eat""I will use barrier protection during sex""I know I can no longer drink any alcohol""I will warn my friends to get vaccinated against this disease"Q38*While commencing a blood transfusion the nurse experiences a sharps injury. What should the nurse do?Squeeze the site of injury until blood flows freely to expel potential contaminantsSee a medical officer for a prescription of antibiotics to prevent colonisationSwab the site of injury with chlorhexidine solution to prevent infection from occurringSee staff health or the emergency department for assessment of the risk of transmission of blood-borne virusesQ39*A patient has a wound swab taken and Staphylococcus aureus is identified. Would the doctor prescribe antibiotics?No, because Staphylococcus aureus is not resistant to antibioticsNo, not unless there are local signs of infection such as pain, pus and rednessYes, because Staphylococcus aureus is the most serious community-based infectionYes, because wounds colonised with Staphylococcus aureus are unlikely to healQ40*Which microorganism is not destroyed by alcohol hand rub?Enterobacter speciesKlebsiella pneumoniaClostridium DifficileStaphylococcus aureus Q41*For nurses to administer medications a valid prescription is required. From the list below identify THREE components of a valid prescription. the trade name of the drug the route of administration patient's allergy status the signature of the patient the generic name of the drug the dose of the drug to be administered Q42*From the list below identify THREE medications classified as HIGH-RISK. Insulin preparations Chemotherapeutic agents Antipsychotic medications Potassium Antihypertensive medications Analgesic medications Q43*Which of the following is a correct definition of a medication side effect?A preventable medication incident that leads to, or has the potential to lead to, harm to the patient.An unintended effect of a drug that is usually predictable and may be harmless or potentially harmfulA response to a medication that is harmful and unintended and occurs at normal doses.A medication error that was detected and corrected before it reached the patient.Q44*When administering a Schedule 4D medication which of the following is MOST correct?Two nurses, one of whom may be a nursing student, must check out and witness administration of the medication.Two registered nurses must check out, administer and sign for the medication.Two staff members, one of whom must be a registered nurse, must check out and sign for the medication.Two staff members, one of whom must be a registered nurse, must witness administration of the medication.Q45*When preparing to administer a patient’s digoxin you note that the dose prescribed is 125mg and the dose in stock is 250 micrograms. Which THREE of the following actions are appropriate in this situation? Refuse to administer the digoxin Contact the prescribing doctor Check the patient's digoxin levels before administering the medication Administer ½ a digoxin tablet Administer 2 digoxin tablets Document this as a 'near miss' in the incident management reporting system Check the patient's pulse before administering the medication time_takenone_hour_step